Explorer
Parcourez toute la bibliothèque. Les réponses, la répétition espacée et les explications par IA se trouvent dans l’application.
1000 cartes
What is the difference between Open SQL and Native SQL, and what role does the DBI play?
What notification does a user get when an update fails, and how do global and local errors differ?
How are locks passed between the dialog process and the update process?
What are the naming rules for an SID (system ID)?
What do the three-level, two-level, and one-level hardware configurations mean?
What is the difference between immediate/local and deferred update?
Why is an update system needed instead of letting the DIA write to the database at the end of each dialog step?
Since a work process is not bound to one user, what mechanism preserves context between dialog steps?
What is multiplexing in dialog processing?
When monitoring work processes, how do the scopes of SM66, SM50, and SM51 differ?
What is transaction SM14 (Update Program Administration) for, and what do you do after updating is auto-deactivated?
How do V1 and V2 updates differ in priority and rollback behavior?
What is the minimum number of dialog (DIA) work processes a dialog instance must have?
What is the identifier of a HANA system called, and what is the instance type identifier on each host?
Today, what is the only difference between a primary application server (PAS) and an additional application server?
What do PBO and PAI mean in the dynpro interface?
When does a work process use heap memory, and what are heap memory's drawbacks?
What role does the ICF (Internet Communication Framework) play in the system?
In the command field, what do the `/N`, `/O`, and `/NEX` prefixes do?
How does a logical spool server improve availability and do load balancing, and which transaction creates it?
When creating a custom device type, why must you not edit the SAP standard type directly, and what is the right approach?
How does the presence or absence of a UP2 process affect how the UPD process handles V1/V2?
What cadence is monitoring overall database growth, and how do you keep a record?
What does "enqueue" mean in SAP, and what does the enqueue process do?
Which parameter sets the TemSe storage location, and what does each value mean?
What kind of data does the table buffer cache, and what does it never cache?
Which transaction installs an SAP Note that includes a correction, and what is the flow?
An in-memory database (IMDB) keeps data in main memory rather than on disk — what two inevitable consequences follow?
What is the system-wide minimum work process count for the background, update V1, and spool services?
What is RISE with SAP, and what does it mainly bundle?
What are the length rules for a transaction code?
Which component lets SAP GUI for HTML call business transactions directly from a browser?
In HANA's multitenant architecture, what is the special responsibility of the SYSTEMDB?
Which two services run on the central services instance (ASCS), and why must it be protected in production?
What role does the enqueue replication server (ERS) play in a high-availability setup?
Gateway and ICM run inside a dialog instance — why are they not work processes?
What database always underlies S/4HANA, and what are its two core characteristics?
Why should production systems use a three-level hardware configuration?
What are HANA's two core services, and what does each handle?
All work processes are internally the same executable — what is it called?
Why is an application server easy to replace and reinstallable from the installation media if needed?
In an SAP instance's profile file name (name 2) format, what do D, ASCS, and ERS stand for?
What is extended memory, and why does it have a quota?
Where does the SAP Web Dispatcher sit, and what is its main job?
How do you test the system's internet connectivity using the ping service?
How far does RISE with SAP's responsibility extend, and what important things are not included?
How many message servers does an SAP system have, and what is its main responsibility?
What are the 5 types of work process in a dialog instance?
Why are writes more complex in HANA's column-store, and what mechanism eases the write overhead?
How does a single work process crash differ from a dispatcher crash in its impact on the instance?
Into what intermediate form is ABAP source compiled before execution, and where is it stored?
Which four components does a client request pass through inside a work process, in order?
Which transaction and menu path are used to monitor the ICM and view its ports?
What role does the dispatcher play in an instance?
Why can't ICF services be called directly by default, and how do you enable them?
What kind of process is the ICM (Internet Communication Manager), and what parameter decides whether it starts?
What is the difference and relationship between an SAP Universal ID and an S-user?
What is the valid range for an instance number, and why must it be unique on the same server?
Homogeneous system copy is automated in RISE, but what must the basis administrator still do?
Under what circumstance can an incident's priority not be changed?
Who is responsible for opening a remote connection to SAP support, and why doesn't SAP open it itself?
What three layers make up the S/4HANA client/server architecture?
What is the SAP ONE Support Launchpad, and what information does it show?
What is the difference between a technical instance and a dialog instance?
What is the cost of choosing the wrong component when reporting an incident, and what should you do when unsure?
What is the SAP Help Portal, and what convenient documentation feature does it offer?
What information should you provide for a high-quality SAP incident?
What does an SAP system physically consist of?
What is an SAP license key composed of, and when must a new license be installed?
When is SAP Security Patch Day, and where is the list of security Notes published?
Why have a formal daily/weekly/monthly operations schedule even if you could do it from memory?
What is the flow to request and install an SAP license key?
How many gateways and ICMs does each dialog instance have?
What cadence is the SAP EarlyWatch Alert operations task, and where do you get it?
What is the SAP Download Manager for, and when should you use it?
What is SAP for Me, and what does SAP call it?
What is the SAProuter, and what role does it play in the SAP support connection?
What three fixed sections does an SAP Note contain?
What is the key difference between S/4HANA Cloud private edition and public edition in RISE?
How does the line opener program (LOP) open a remote connection semi-automatically?
Which tool checks the supported platform/version combinations for an SAP product, and why doesn't the book hardcode version numbers?
How are SAP's learning resources openSAP, SAP Learning, Learning Hub, and Training and Adoption each positioned?
Which transaction configures logon groups, and what is the default implicit group called?
What is in the `/usr/sap/<SID>/SYS` directory, and what is its purpose?
Where are HANA parameters stored, and how does that differ from an ABAP instance profile?
Which two Linux distributions does the S/4HANA application server support, and which UNIX is the only one supported?
Which aliases let `<sid>adm` switch to the dialog instance directory, the ASCS instance directory, global, and profile?
How is the local kernel (exe) in an instance directory synchronized from the central kernel?
What are the two levels of profile files, and what is the default profile's file name?
What are SAP's two top-level directories on Linux/UNIX, and how do they differ in sharing?
Which two files are exported when a change request is released, and what does each hold?
What do the global, profile, and exe subdirectories under `/sapmnt/<SID>` hold?
In a public-cloud IaaS model, how are responsibilities split between provider and customer?
What constraints apply when switching between operation modes (total count, SPO, BTC A)?
What is special about the sharing scope of `/usr/sap/trans`, and which parameter sets its path?
What is the typical use case for the dpmon tool?
What are developer trace levels 0–3, and why must you never set 0?
What is the most important trace for troubleshooting an instance, and what are the trace file names for the dispatcher and work processes?
Why use a logon group instead of connecting users directly to one instance for load balancing?
When maintaining profiles with RZ10, what must the first step after installation be, and why?
Which transaction displays any parameter's current value and documentation online, and what condition allows changing it online?
What do SAP's two OS users on Windows do, and when is a domain install required?
What type is a restricted/standby work process, which parameter sets its count, and what is the default?
What is client 000 for, and can application users use it?
What does each main functional area of SAP for Me handle?
On Linux, what is the startup chain from sapstartsrv to the instance's main process?
An ABAP program writes no client condition — why is the queried data still automatically limited to the logon client?
What are the three FavTyp methods for picking a favorite (B, R, W), and which is the recommended default?
Which work process does asynchronous RFC run in, and why is quota control needed?
What is a dynamically started work process, and how is the maximum number calculated?
At the database level, which field does the system use to distinguish a client-dependent table's data?
What are the defaults of the three commonly-changed quotas in RZ12 (Max. No. of Logons / Separate Logons / WPs used)?
What is the difference between an SAP system's soft shutdown and hard shutdown?
Which transaction shows table change logs, and what does it display?
What does the work directory under an instance directory `/usr/sap/<SID>/<instance>` hold?
Can dynamic/standby WPs be started/stopped manually? Between standby and dynamic, which does SAP recommend?
Where are almost all of HANA's files, and what is in `/usr/sap/<HSID>`?
Which kind of table should table logging be enabled for, and which must it never be enabled for?
What is configuring multiple clients in one system usually used for, and how many operational clients does a production system usually have?
In a dev system, what are the golden client and the sandbox client each for?
Why must a few SAP kernel files be owned by root? Give an example.
Which kind of RFC/session does SMLG vs RZ12 manage?
Why must you supply both a client number and a user ID when logging on to SAP?
What does client-dependent data include, and where is it visible?
A famous client transport pitfall: why can't you release the request afterwards in SE09/SE01?
How often does the technical job repository runtime run, and which parameter controls it?
What scenario is a table snapshot best for, which local/remote copy cannot do?
What two conditions must both be met to enable table logging (customizing change auditing)?
Which report is the time-dependent scheduler, which parameter sets its interval, and what is the default?
Which transaction deletes a client, and what is the difference between ticking "Delete from System Table T000" or not?
Which transaction estimates a client's size before copying a large profile (e.g. SAP_ALL), and by what classification?
What values can the rec/client parameter take? How many clients can be specified at most? When does a change take effect?
What is an orphaned job, and how do you handle it?
What are the three steps of a cross-system migration via client transport (SCC8N)?
Which kinds of jobs are job classes A, B, and C used for?
Which client migration method can carry cross-client customizing?
Technical housekeeping jobs cannot be edited directly — what can you customize for them in SJOBREPO?
What do the authorization objects S_BTCH_NAM and S_BTCH_NA1 each control?
What is an SAP incident used to report, and what may it not be used for?
What states does a background job pass through, and what does each mean?
Which transaction shows the detailed log of client operations (copy/transport/delete), and which one can also purge old logs?
How does a background job differ from an online transaction regarding time limits?
From S/4HANA 2020 on, which kind of parameter should control the dialog step runtime timeout?
What routine checks should be done to operate the enqueue lock system, and what tool diagnoses it from the command line?
How many BTC work processes handle a batch job during execution?
Which transaction checks TemSe consistency, and which tables does it compare?
What does each of the four core update tables store?
Which transaction schedules background jobs, and what are the wizard SM36WIZ's limitations?
The repository is cross-client — what two consequences does this bring?
Which access methods are used for external output management (OMS) and email?
When does SAP ERP maintenance end, and what hard database requirement pushes a move to S/4HANA?
Table change-log tables can grow very large — how do you archive or delete them?
Why is it recommended to create a dedicated SYSTEM-type user for background jobs rather than the creator themselves?
Through what object does ABAP implement locking, and which two function modules are auto-generated for it?
What do the remote access methods U and S correspond to?
What is the SAP Community, and how do you log in?
What start conditions can a background job have?
In SM37, what does an excessively long job Delay indicate?
What problem does the "No Start After" start option prevent?
Why are locks handed to the update written to a backup file, and which parameter specifies it?
Which transaction configures job server groups, and what is the default group called?
How do you reserve BTC work processes for class A jobs, and when does job class matter?
What does a job consist of, and how are those parts executed?
What are the two key differences between a remote client copy (SCC9N) and a local copy?
How does the basis administrator's role evolve under RISE with SAP?
Which parameters set the number of UPD and UP2 processes, and what is the initial sizing guidance?
Who is the default step user for a technical job, and how do you create it in a client?
What three categories does the SAP Support Portal's Software Downloads have, and what restriction applies to the Databases category?
What happens to the old developer trace when an instance stops, and how many generations are kept?
Beyond checking the system's current status, what does the operations checklist particularly emphasize?
How is a V3 (collective run) update triggered, and how does it appear in SM13?
What starts/stops the whole HANA system from the command line, and what is its limitation?
How much faster is the new client copy tool introduced in S/4HANA 1909 / BASIS 7.54?
Why does printing take two steps, and what does the spool request vs output request each hold?
When an ABAP program is a job step, how do you pass parameters to one with a selection screen, and where does the output go?
GetProcessList does not show work processes — how do you see WPs at the OS level?
Which transaction monitors background jobs, and what can you search by?
What does a device type describe, how many ship with the system, and what if yours is missing?
What two reports are commonly used for mass operations on background jobs, and what does each do?
What do lock modes S, E, X, and O mean?
What must you do before starting an instance with sapcontrol, and what happens if you don't?
In SAP, what decides the update method (synchronous/asynchronous/local), and can the user choose it?
Why can a logical spool server be built in the dev system and transported to others, and what is the cost of enabling load balancing?
How does the event mechanism implement chained orchestration of background jobs (job chains)?
What are the three types of client copy and their transaction codes?
Which transaction manages lock entries, and what is its alias?
Why are some daily operations checks done once in the morning and once in the evening?
When running a local client copy, how do the old and new tools differ regarding the logon client, and what security risk did the old tool have?
What problem does the Printing Assistant for Landscapes (PAL) solve?
Which sapcontrol functions start/stop the whole system, a single instance, and stop the service?
Which executable is the SAP Start Service, and what tool calls it?
In `sapcontrol GetProcessList`, what do GREEN, YELLOW, and GRAY mean?
What are RZ10's three maintenance modes, and which is the most used?
What are the four ACID properties that an LUW follows?
What fixed characteristic does stopping a HANA tenant database have, and what command is used?
What are the Levels 0/1/2 of SCC4's Client Copy and Comparison Tool Protection?
Which transaction creates a logical system, and what is the naming convention?
When a user logs on, how does the dispatcher assign them a dialog work process?
What is the default value of `enque/process_location`, and what does it mean?
What is the naming convention for client transport requests (client-dependent vs cross-client)?
Which transaction verifies that background processing works, and which one do you go to for a deeper check?
What does the user bound to each job step decide, and who is used by default?
What do Test Mode and Lock Source Client do in a local client copy?
What mechanism lets a table snapshot (new in BASIS 755) process only the tables that changed?
What replaced the traditional SM36 Standard Job for standard housekeeping in S/4HANA?
Which report/transaction analyzes long-running background jobs, and what is its filtering characteristic?
Can copy profiles be created or modified? Name a few common ones and their copy scope.
Roughly how many SAP parameters are there, and are the names case-sensitive?
What three sections make up defining a job in SM36?
How does an external program step fundamentally differ from an external command in authorization checking?
Which two transactions manage spool/output requests, and how do they differ?
What is the RSPARAM report used for?
What is the SAP Support Portal, and what is needed to access it?
In the intelligent enterprise, what do O-data and X-data each refer to?
Before force-deleting a lock in SM12, what should you check first?
What lock-related limits does `enq/server/schema_0` configure, and which old parameter did it replace?
Which transactions export and import a table snapshot, and what profile imports data only?
Which transaction defines an external command job step, and which authorization object protects it?
What is the current status of client 001 and client 066 in S/4HANA?
Which access method is used for frontend printing, and what are its limitations?
What characterizes a V1 update (processing, commit, locks)?
After creating a client with SCC4, does the client physically exist yet? Which table stores its attributes?
If a job is given a target server but that server has no free BTC, what happens?
How long does transaction ST06 keep server utilization data, and what does that imply for the operations cadence?
How is a golden client recommended to be set up in SCC4 for changeability and protection?
What are the ways to trigger an event?
Where is the lock table held, and why is it not in the database?
How does SCC1N (transport-based copy) differ from an ordinary client copy?
Which platforms do local access methods L and C serve, and what are their pros/cons?
What does the SAP Service Connector do, and when is it not needed?
What is an LUW (logical unit of work), and how does it end?
What do the `_SCOPE` values 1, 2, and 3 decide about who owns a lock and when it is released?
What is used to purge old client-tool logs and to delete table snapshots, and what is the default retention?
In SM12, what do the black and blue lock entries represent?
Which transaction is used alongside SM13 to read error codes when troubleshooting updates? Give a few codes.
What are the four steps to configure an operation mode in RZ04?
What do the values 1 and 2 of `rdisp/vb_delete_after_execution` mean?
What is the difference between a system event and a user event, and which transaction creates a user event?
Why are weekly operations tasks best done on Monday?
What print-timing options are there when creating a spool request?
What key fields are in a client definition in SCC4?
What is a physical spool server, and which parameter sets its process count?
Why are SAP locks called "logical locks", and how do they relate to database physical locks?
How are you notified of an incident's status changes, and how are remote-access credentials stored?
What role and protection level are recommended for a production client in SCC4?
What is the difference between the Problem and Error statuses of a spool request?
With load balancing configured, how does the logon connection process differ, and how is the binding after logon?
At what point is a lock handed over from the dialog process to the update process?
What does the `rdisp/vbdelete` parameter control, and what is its default?
What are the port numbering rules for an ABAP instance's dispatcher, gateway, and message server?
What four options does "Changes and Transport for Client-Specific Objects" have in SCC4?
Which report is used for update reorg, and which option is dangerous in production?
What is the difference between synchronous and asynchronous update?
In the SAP context, what does "basis" refer to?
What must be done before a client can be accessed by external systems (e.g. BW extraction, S/4HANA↔CRM)?
Which directory is the SAP Host Agent installed in, and why does the path contain no SID?
Can startsap/stopsap still be used on Linux? What is used now to start/stop instances?
What do the four SAP incident priorities each represent?
How does a V2 update differ from V1 in terms of LUW division and locks?
Is update load balancing on by default, and how do you restrict requests to specific servers?
On Linux/UNIX, what are each SAP system's OS user and primary group, and what is the sapinst group for?
What are the standard port numbers for the HANA daemon and nameserver (SYSTEMDB) (xx = instance number)?
In transaction SCC_COMPARE, how does the checksum quick comparison differ from the detailed comparison?
Which command validates a profile and estimates memory requirements at the OS level?
What are the SAP Host Agent's HTTP/HTTPS ports, and what is special about them?
What is transaction SM13 used for?
What do the `__DO_NOT_TOUCH...__` files in the HANA datafile/log directories mean?
What special requirements apply to setting an incident to Very High priority?
What are the value-evaluation orders for static vs dynamic parameters?
What are the two timetables for operation modes, and which transaction maintains them?
What is an operation mode, and what problem does it solve?
What is a client in SAP, and why can two clients' data not see each other?
What does cross-client (client-independent) data include?
Why should instance number 89 be avoided on Windows?
When the same parameter appears in both the default and instance profiles, which wins, and which kind of parameter belongs only in the default?
When switching operation modes, how does the dispatcher handle idle vs busy WPs?
What are the two steps to save profile changes in RZ10, and when do they take effect?
Why does a parameter changed online via RZ11 revert after a restart, and how do you make it permanent?
How do you handle open repairs (unreleased repairs) during an update?
Which OS user does SUM run as, and how does that differ from SWPM?
For a system not yet configured into Solution Manager, can you use the maintenance planner, and what is the prerequisite?
During the update's Execution section (downtime), what happens when an ordinary user logs on?
How is the database schema name for the shadow repository derived?
What two tools install an add-on, and how do you choose?
After the maintenance planner generates the stack XML, how do you download the files to be installed to the server?
At the start of the Preprocessing phase of a SUM upgrade, what does the system lock, and what is the impact?
What scenario is SUM's Downtime Optimized strategy for, and what two options does it further split into?
What time limitation does SUM's reset (full rollback to redo) have?
What is the difference between an update and an upgrade as SAP distinguishes them?
What is the situation with Enhancement Packages (EHP) in SAP S/4HANA?
What GUI-connection feature does SUM have that SWPM does not?
What extra file does an update/upgrade need compared with a new installation, and what generates it?
What is the maintenance planner for, and where does its system information come from?
How long does mainstream maintenance last for SAP S/4HANA 2022 and earlier versions?
What is the CRL you download before an update, and what does SUM use it for?
What is the relationship between SUM and the SAP Host Agent, and what must therefore be done before updating?
Why is the SUM directory's disk space requirement large (how much is recommended), and how are you warned about low space?
After patching with transaction SPAM, what final action must you perform?
What six main sections does a SUM update consist of?
What must the backup before update downtime include, and why include the SUM directory?
Which SAP S/4HANA versions offer extended maintenance, and until when?
Which two transactions are used for the update's modification adjustment, and how is the work divided?
Among SUM update sections, which are in uptime and which is the real downtime?
What is the main cost of using a shadow system?
What does running SGEN after an update do, how does it affect system load, and how do you reduce it?
Before entering downtime, how does SUM change the HANA tenant database's log mode, and why?
What is an add-on?
How does the shadow repository reduce update downtime?
What are the characteristics and limitations of SUM's Single System update strategy?
Where is transaction SPDD executed, and why can't you skip it?
What are SAP's patch delivery units SP, SPS, and FPS?
What is the shadow system (shadow instance) in an update?
When patching S/4HANA, how should you choose between SUM and transaction SPAM?
Why is database archiving disabled by default during the update's downtime phase?
Which is SUM's default update strategy, and what do the first three strategies essentially trade off?
What is a type P error during an update?
Which program puts back the background jobs suspended before the update, and what should you watch out for?
When `<sid>adm` can only log on via sudo and its password is unavailable, how does SUM set up an alternative authentication user (unlike SWPM)?
How feasible is uninstalling an add-on?
When planning an add-on installation in the maintenance planner, what is the key difference from planning a normal update?
Why is it recommended that all systems in a landscape use the same update strategy?
Before starting a SUM update, why should you first update transaction SPAM to its highest version?
What is SUM (Software Update Manager), and which version does S/4HANA use?
What two sources can you upload a patch package into the SPAM patch queue from?
What is the relationship between S/4HANA's Feature Package Stack (FPS) and Support Package Stack (SPS)?
How is SUM's server-side process started, and how does that differ from SWPM?
On a new S/4HANA installation, what is the default name of the schema owner of the SAP tables?
What is the fixed primary group of the SAP administration OS user `<sid>adm`?
From which SAP S/4HANA release does SWPM configure a set of hardened-security profile parameters by default?
For a local client copy after installation, which two transactions are used in the first two steps?
When newly installing a PAS instance, what are the default numbers of dialog and batch work processes, and what is the minimum allowed?
What is the main use of doing a system copy?
What do the two main SL Toolset tools, SWPM and SUM, each handle?
What hard limitation does a heterogeneous system copy have regarding DBMS direction?
What is the System Landscape Directory (SLD), and what is the default registration behavior at install time?
When a site forbids direct root logon, how can SWPM still complete the installation?
What are the resource requirements and hostname limitation for the SAP NetWeaver AS ABAP Developer Edition?
Which tool deletes an SAP system, and to what granularity?
What is the Software Logistics Toolset (SL Toolset) for, and where do you get it?
For a local client copy in S/4HANA, what extra RFC step is there compared with older versions (financial Basis)?
What is the SAP NetWeaver AS ABAP Developer Edition, and how does it differ from S/4HANA?
Which program actually performs the SAP installation tasks, and where is it?
For a homogeneous system copy, what is the requirement on the target server's SAP HANA version?
What is the OS user `webadm` for?
When doing an SAP installation/system copy, besides SAP's official guides and Notes, why is it strongly recommended to build your own control document?
After a system copy, what is the core goal of the postcopy activities on the target?
What does a homogeneous system copy (HANA) use as its data source, and how is it created?
What are the three CAL account roles, and what can each do?
Which OS user must you use to run SWPM?
After a system copy, why must you use BDLS to change the operational client's logical system rather than just SALE/SCC4?
Which version of SWPM should you use to install SAP S/4HANA?
During a system copy, which ABAP programs suspend and re-enable background processing on the source system?
For a local client copy that makes a working client, what must the copy profile at least include?
When installing the SAP Web Dispatcher and gateway, how do you choose between embedding in the ASCS and a standalone instance?
Right after an S/4HANA installation finishes, what logon state is the system in?
Before starting a system copy, what state must the target system be in?
What does the master password set during installation do, and what is the risk?
Which SAP kernel password rules must the master password meet, and what happens if it doesn't?
What is the difference between a homogeneous and a heterogeneous system copy?
Compared with a distributed installation, what mandatory component does a High-Availability installation add?
How is SWPM delivered, and how do you "install" it?
Which three installation types does SWPM offer for an ABAP system?
Which main software packages do you download from the Support Portal to install S/4HANA?
Why does a system copy not need the installation export media?
Which task list automates postinstallation activities, and what must you watch out for when running it?
Which transaction performs a local client copy (and which old one is deprecated)?
What is the SAP Cloud Appliance Library (CAL) used for, and which public clouds does it support?
Does SWPM install the SAP HANA database software?
What license limitation do solutions deployed from CAL have?
What is the difference between the SAPEXE and SAPEXEDB SAP Kernel packages?
How do you reduce public-cloud running costs in CAL?
How many times do you run SWPM to install a new S/4HANA system, and what does each do?
If you plan to add application servers later, why should you not create a message server ACL at install time?
What is the cost structure of deploying a system with CAL, and what is the recommendation?
When the server's `/tmp` is too small for the sapinst log directory, how do you redirect it?
Which two TCP ports does the message server in the ASCS instance use, and what are the default numbers?
After a system copy, which transactions (besides BDLS) are commonly used to clean up source-system residual configuration?
What is the default HTTPS port of an embedded SAP Web Dispatcher?
To just change an SAP system's SID (rename it), what should you use instead of a system copy?
When deleting an SAP system with SWPM, how is the SAP HANA side handled?
At minimum, which two instances make up an ABAP system, and what does each run?
What is the difference between sapinst's two main logs `sapinst.log` and `sapinst_dev.log`?
If you didn't suspend batch on the source, how do you stop the target system from running background jobs during a system copy?
After launching sapinst, how do you know it is ready and you can connect to the GUI?
After installing the ABAP Developer Edition, how do you obtain and install its license?
Which database does the SAP NetWeaver AS ABAP Developer Edition use?
During a system copy, SWPM requires the central kernel directory to be empty, but it contains hdbclient — how do you handle that?
Why does the batch input method guarantee data consistency?
Which transaction configures trusted/trusting relationships between SAP systems?
How many active versions of an ALE distribution model exist across the landscape, and where is it configured?
What must you do before importing a PNG start image in SMW0?
What does a transactional RFC (tRFC) guarantee, and what does it NOT guarantee?
Which RFC connection type is used for communication between two ABAP-based systems?
What is a logical connection (RFC connection type L)?
Which authorization objects must an RFC user have for a trusted connection, and where are they assigned?
What is the OData protocol, and who maintains it?
Which program configures the installation packages on the installation server?
In the SAP GUI command-line connection string, what do `/M/`, `/S/`, `/G/`, and `/WAN:` mean?
What steps are needed to activate a single SAP Fiori app?
How long is the SAP Gateway performance trace (`/IWBEP/TRACES`) recording valid for?
When installing SAP GUI via the installation server, what is the difference between Unattended and Attended?
What problem does the SAP GUI installation server solve?
Which parameter controls the maximum number of sessions a single SAP logon can open?
Which transaction shows SAP Gateway processing-time statistics, and in what time unit?
In which file are SAP Logon's system and connection details stored?
When monitoring SAP Gateway and Fiori, which three general transactions, already introduced in earlier chapters, are also commonly used?
Which transaction shows the SAP Gateway error log, and what does it provide?
What technology lets SAP GUI for HTML provide zero-deployment browser access?
What is the difference between RFC connection types T and R?
How does transaction WE05 differ from BD87 for IDocs?
What is the purpose of Local Security Handling (LSH)?
What are the three ways an IDoc can be created in ALE?
Which transaction activates the ICF nodes needed by a given Fiori app?
What technology does SAP S/4HANA embedded analytics rely on for real-time analytical reporting?
Why is granting correct authorizations on the remote system critical for RFC connections?
What two options does the SAP S/4HANA Migration Cockpit offer for transferring data?
Right after running Fiori foundation activation, why is the launchpad empty?
Why is embedded deployment the recommended way to deploy Fiori for SAP S/4HANA (1909 and later)?
Why are RFC quotas important, given how each RFC request is processed?
Which transaction accesses the ABAP task manager's task lists?
When connecting via a SAProuter, which parameters must be appended to the SAP GUI connection string?
Which user interface does SAP officially recommend for SAP S/4HANA?
To set an image as the SAP GUI start image, which entry do you configure in which table?
How does ALE differ from EDI?
How does an ABAP program distribute an RFC call across available work processes for parallel processing?
What do RFC connection types G and H each represent?
Which transactions generate, change, and check the consistency of ALE partner profiles?
What is the difference between distributing the administrator config file via pull and via push?
In S/4HANA, what kind of database connection does SAP Enterprise Search use, and what powers the search behind it?
What does the SM59 Connection Test verify, and what does it NOT verify?
What prerequisites must be met to enable SAP GUI for HTML?
Which program do you run to set up an SAP GUI installation server, and what does it call automatically?
What frontend technology is SAP Fiori built with, and how does it fetch data?
What are the three flavors of SAP GUI, and where does each run?
Which task list activates and configures the SAP Fiori launchpad foundation?
What does the "Authorization for Destination" field in an SM59 connection enforce?
What are the roles of transactions SHDB and SM35 in batch input?
In a connected SAP GUI, how do you open a transaction in a new session?
What is the difference between an IDoc type and an IDoc?
In a multi-workstation environment, which SAP GUI distribution method is recommended, and why?
What is the key restriction on RFC server groups (transaction RZ12)?
In what form are an SAP Fiori app's frontend and backend components delivered, and which transaction installs them?
Before activating SAP Enterprise Search, which role must be assigned to the configuration account?
What is the core purpose of SAP Logon?
Why does bgRFC perform better than qRFC for ordered processing?
What is the difference between the HTML and desktop versions of SAP Business Client?
In which transaction are RFC destinations created and maintained?
What is a logical system in ALE, and what naming convention is recommended?
Which transaction configures bgRFC?
What role does the maintenance planner play in installing Fiori apps?
Which transaction registers and activates OData services?
Which transaction monitors the results of a task list run?
What problem does SAP Business Client solve?
In an embedded deployment, what is the activation order for configuring Fiori for S/4HANA?
What does the output mode in an ALE partner profile control?
How many versions of SAP GUI can a single Windows machine have, and how is the old version handled on upgrade?
Which transaction maintains ALE message types?
What are the three records that make up an IDoc?
What frontends does an SAP system's presentation layer offer end users?
In a qRFC queue, what does the SYSFAIL status indicate?
What is the SAP Fiori apps reference library for?
What scenario suits installing SAP GUI directly from the installation media, and what privilege is needed?
What is the Legacy System Migration Workbench (LSMW) used for?
Which task list activates SAP S/4HANA embedded analytics?
In an SM59 destination, what happens if the Password field is left empty?
What are the advantages of a trusted RFC connection between SAP systems?
From SAP GUI 7.40 on, the config files were reduced to which two, and where are they?
In an embedded deployment, which overall task list activates SAP Gateway and SAP Fiori?
How do SAP GUI for Java and for HTML differ in capability from the Windows version?
What is the default prefix of the roles generated by `SAP_FIORI_FOUNDATION_S4`, and what two kinds are they?
In an SAP trust relationship between two systems, how does the direction of trust work?
To put different logon screen texts on the production, QA, and development systems, what creation/transport order does SAP recommend?
Which transaction launches the Fiori launchpad from within SAP GUI, and what is convenient about it?
In RFC communication, which side handles inbound calls versus outbound calls?
What are the three phases of a qRFC transfer?
Why must logon screen text be maintained in the system where it was originally created?
Which transaction lists transactional RFCs (tRFC) that could not be processed?
Which ALE configuration tasks are the basis administrator's responsibility?
Which task list mass-activates SAP Fiori apps by business role?
In ALE, what is a port?
What is the main advantage of a Fiori hub deployment?
What must be defined before bgRFC can function, and what is it?
What is Application Link Enabling (ALE) used for?
What is the core value of using the ABAP task manager's task lists to configure a system?
What is the standard URL to access the SAP Fiori launchpad?
Which transaction imports the object used to customize the SAP GUI start image?
Do RFC resource changes made in transaction RZ12 survive an instance restart?
Which transaction customizes the SAP logon screen text, and what text element do you create?
In background communication, what is the difference between the push and pull principles?
In a cloud deployment of Fiori on SAP BTP, how does the frontend connect to the backend?
What is the SAP S/4HANA Migration Cockpit used for, and what is its key limitation?
In the ALE outbound flow, what do IDoc status codes 01, 30, and 53 indicate?
How does SAP Fiori organize its apps?
In SAP NetWeaver AS ABAP, what role does the gateway play?
Which parameter prevents a single RFC user from occupying all dialog work processes on the target server?
What does enabling the ALEAUD message type provide?
When adding a system in SAP Logon, what is the difference between Group/Server Selection and Custom Application Server?
Which transaction monitors Local Data Queue (LDQ) units?
Which transactions monitor qRFC outbound versus inbound queues?
In SM59 technical settings, what must you provide to use load balancing for a destination instead of a fixed instance?
How does a queued RFC (qRFC) improve on a transactional RFC (tRFC)?
Which protocol lets SAP GUI survive for decades with fast response and low network load?
What is transaction BD87 used for in ALE?
How does direct input (transaction BMV0) differ from batch input, and what is its drawback?
What are the three deployment options for SAP Fiori?
Why customize SAP's logon screen and start image?
What are the four possible storage locations for archived data?
How do read programs access archived data?
What are the four customizing levels in SARA?
In SAP data archiving, what does the Network Graphic show?
What does transaction DB15 do in archiving preparation?
Why can't a database backup substitute for data archiving?
What must be built and activated before archived documents can be read via direct-access transactions?
How does data archiving differ from a database reorganization?
What does the Management option in SARA show about archiving sessions?
What is data archiving in SAP, in one sentence?
Why can reloading archived data back into the database cause problems?
What is transaction SARA used for in data archiving?
Why must an archive file's physical name include the <DATE> and <TIME> parameters?
Which data is eligible to be archived in SAP?
Why should archived data be reloaded only in exceptional cases?
In DBACOCKPIT, what menu path lists the largest tables as archiving candidates?
What is the difference between sequential and direct access to archived data?
What is SAP ArchiveLink?
What does the Document Relationship Browser (transaction ALO1) do?
What does SAP recommend regarding using SAP Content Server for long-term archiving?
What are the three scheduling options for the delete job?
Why does data archiving matter specifically on SAP S/4HANA?
Why is an archiving object built around a bundle of tables rather than a single table?
What does the write phase of an archiving run do?
In SAP data archiving, what is the difference between "delete after writing" and "delete in parallel with writing"?
In AOBJ, what is the difference between an object's structure definition and its "tables from which you only delete entries"?
Why is a data archiving project not purely a technical exercise?
What is an archiving session in SAP data archiving?
Roughly how much space do SAP archive files save through compression?
In SAP archiving, what is the purpose of archive routing?
What are the three StorageSyst options for storing archive files, and what does each do?
What are the three steps of the data archiving process?
Why use logical path and file names for archive files instead of hardcoded ones?
What are archive information structures (used by SARI), and when are they filled?
What three conditions must a business object meet to be considered archivable?
What is an archiving object, and what does it consist of?
What is the Archive Development Kit (ADK)?
Which transactions archive spool/print lists, and which retrieves archived print lists?
In transaction OAC0, what Storage Type options exist for a content repository?
What is transaction TAANA used for in archiving preparation?
What is residence time in data archiving?
In the Archive Information System, what do the green, yellow, and red icons in Status Management mean?
What does the ABAP runtime analysis (transaction SAT) measure?
What does the SAT hit list show, and how is it ordered?
What is a transparent table in the ABAP Dictionary?
What is the unit of time shown in ST05 (and ABAP runtime analysis) traces?
Why is cloning the worst way to change SAP standard functionality?
In ST05, what is the difference between Activate Trace and Activate Trace with Filter?
How does a user exit work for ABAP code?
Which profile parameters control the space available for SQL traces, and what are their defaults?
Which ABAP development objects do transactions SE38, SE37, SE24, and SE11 maintain?
What types of activity can transaction ST05 (the performance trace) trace?
What is an association in a CDS view?
What does a SAT measurement variant control?
In an ST05 SQL trace, what is a redundant call?
What are annotations used for in a CDS view?
What are the three ways to carry out an ABAP runtime analysis in transaction SAT?
What must a program do to actually enforce an SAP enqueue lock on data?
What is a structure in the ABAP Dictionary?
In the ABAP Dictionary, how do a data element and a domain divide responsibilities?
What is modification adjustment in SAP, and what triggers it?
Why should a system administrator understand ABAP development even though they don't write product code?
If an internal table's key is not unique, what alternative still gives fast key access?
How is a table’s primary-key uniqueness constraint implemented in the database?
Why might an ST05 trace be incomplete?
What are the two development environments available in SAP S/4HANA?
What were pooled and clustered tables, and what happens to them in S/4HANA?
When is directly changing SAP standard code ever considered acceptable?
What is transaction SE80 (Object Navigator) used for?
What happens when you activate an ABAP object?
Which dictionary object type can only be maintained in ADT, not in the SAP GUI?
Why is a STANDARD internal table slow for key lookups, and what table type fixes it?
What is the ABAP Repository?
What does a search help do for a screen field?
What two function modules are generated for every SAP lock object?
What is a BAdI (Business Add-In) in SAP?
Which statement type does the standard SAT measurement variant omit by default?
What is the difference between a report and a module pool in ABAP?
In the SAP Enhancement Framework, what is an enhancement option, and how do implicit and explicit options differ?
What is the ABAP Dictionary?
What does enabling the Stack Trace option add to an ST05 trace?
What is a lock object in the ABAP Dictionary?
What happens when a development object is created as a Local Object (package $TMP)?
Why is the data element / domain split powerful for reuse?
When a domain is linked to a value table, what happens for the user entering data?
What are the two types of explicit enhancement options?
Why do CDS views benefit strongly from SAP HANA when used in ABAP applications?
What is a key limitation of a SAT measurement schedule once it is created?
What is the difference between ABAP CDS and SAP HANA CDS?
What naming rule applies to custom development objects in the customer namespace?
How is ABAP Development Tools (ADT) obtained, and is it shipped with S/4HANA?
In ABAP runtime analysis, what is the difference between net time and gross time?
What are the practical limits of SAP HANA Studio now that it is deprecated?
What distinguishes synchronous from asynchronous system replication, and what is the cost of synchronous?
Where are SAP HANA configuration files physically stored?
In SAP HANA system replication, what is the basic flow from primary to secondary?
How are remote databases added to DBA Cockpit for central management?
What is the Database Overview page in the SAP HANA cockpit?
Are SAP HANA database backups taken online or offline?
In what order is an SAP HANA database recovered when using full, delta, and log backups?
How does adding a new tenant database interact with system replication?
Why is persisting data to disk alone not enough to fully protect SAP HANA data?
When are performance indexes still recommended for SAP HANA column-store tables?
How are transaction changes protected between savepoints in SAP HANA?
Why does an in-memory database like SAP HANA still need a persistence layer?
How do database groups control access in the SAP HANA cockpit?
Which database does SAP S/4HANA run on?
Why is the SYSTEM database not suitable for running business operations?
Which operating-system user does the SAP HANA cockpit need in order to start/stop and restore the system?
How is a single SAP HANA instance identified?
On a HANA replication secondary, what are the two log-replay operation modes and their trade-off?
When is a HANA log segment automatically backed up?
When a column-store table is read, why must HANA also check the delta store?
What is the SYSTEM database in SAP HANA responsible for?
Which databases can DBA Cockpit (`DBACOCKPIT`) manage?
Even with hdbsql session autocommit off, why can a CREATE or DROP TABLE still not be rolled back?
What does the HANA daemon process (hdbdaemon) do?
How do you disable autocommit in hdbsql?
Where is the hdbsql executable installed on a SAP HANA system?
What are the four main tools used to manage SAP HANA?
What is the SAP HANA secure user store (hdbuserstore)?
What does the Backup Catalog in DBA Cockpit Diagnostics show?
What does multitier system replication enable in SAP HANA?
What do the green, yellow, and red labels in the DBA Planning Calendar mean for a backup?
What does the HDB command-line script let a <sid>adm user do?
How does a column store make large analytical scans fast?
Which database administration jobs can be scheduled from the DBA Planning Calendar in DBA Cockpit?
What is Backint in the context of SAP HANA backups?
Why is a takeover by a HANA replication secondary fast in terms of performance?
What do the hdbsql connection options -i, -n, -d, -u, -p, and -U mean?
In SAP HANA, how are configuration parameters organized within the .ini files?
How does SAP HANA soften the slower-write trade-off of the column store?
At what allocation percentage do the DBA Cockpit memory/CPU bars turn red by default?
After a HANA crash, how is the database brought back to a consistent state?
Which command starts and stops a distributed (multi-host) SAP HANA system, given that HDB cannot?
What is the role of the name server (hdbnameserver) in SAP HANA?
Why does row-based storage perform poorly for analytical queries that scan one column across many rows?
How do you run an hdbsql script unattended with a user store key?
What does the hdbsql inline command `\align` (`\al`) do?
How does dictionary encoding compress data in the SAP HANA column store?
What is the delta merge in SAP HANA?
Why is restoring delta backups faster than replaying log backups?
What is a savepoint in SAP HANA, and how often does one occur by default?
Which HANA services run in the SYSTEM database and serve all tenants?
What is the advantage of backing up SAP HANA with a storage snapshot?
What is the SAP HANA script server (hdbscriptserver) used for?
What does an SAP HANA multitenant system consist of?
When would you use hdbcons in SAP HANA?
Why is it recommended to give the HANA instance and its tenant databases different SIDs?
When stopping the entire HANA system, what is the difference between a soft stop and a hard stop?
What does the sapcontrol function `GetSystemInstanceList` report in a multi-node SAP HANA system?
What is the role of the SAP HANA index server (hdbindexserver)?
Which Eclipse perspective must an administrator switch to in SAP HANA Studio?
What is the difference between a differential and an incremental delta backup in SAP HANA?
What is the setParameter.py tool used for in SAP HANA?
What do all databases in one SAP HANA instance share?
What are the main steps of the SAP HANA startup sequence?
What is the deprecation status and maintenance scope of SAP HANA Studio?
What is the precedence order of SAP HANA configuration layers, from lowest to highest?
What kind of database is SAP HANA?
Which aspects of a tenant database are fully isolated from other tenants?
How do you stop a single HANA tenant database with SQL?
What is the SAP HANA cockpit used for?
If you stop an individual HANA service, why might it come back automatically?
How many SYSTEM databases does an SAP HANA system have, and can it be distributed?
What privileges and password requirement apply to the SAP HANA cockpit technical user?
What must be activated for ST06 to show historical server data (blank by default)?
Which task types in the ST03 workload overview are the main ones to review?
Why does a work process entering PRIV (private) mode threaten performance?
In which transaction can you see that dialog work processes have gone into PRIV mode?
How is user-perceived response time computed from R and the frontend network time?
Which two SAP buffers are exceptions to the “zero object swaps” goal?
What does the enqueue time TENQ measure, and what does it exclude?
When a row in a buffered table is changed, what gets invalidated for each buffering type?
In SAP performance metrics, what does the application response time R include and exclude?
In DBACOCKPIT, what determines whether expensive SQL statements get logged?
What does transaction ST06 monitor?
In the Data Dictionary technical settings, what are the three table buffering options?
Why is the performance data of a timed-out (TIME_OUT dump) dialog step unreliable?
What do the two ST03 ranking lists show?
Which two tools can an administrator use to view SAP HANA performance data?
When do SAP buffer size parameter changes take effect, and where are they set?
Why is roll-in of a transaction context cheap on modern SAP systems?
Why can today’s system-wide (TOTAL) workload aggregates look stale, and how do you force an update?
How do you enable table-access logging in stat records, and what does the `stat/tabrec` value set?
What does the profile parameter `stat/level` control, and why should collection stay on?
How do stat files rotate over time?
In a statistical record, how can you tell a dialog step was actually a debugging session?
What can happen if SAP HANA memory usage frequently hits the allocation limit?
Which ST03 function helps detect that one application server is performing worse than the others?
Why look at raw statistical records instead of just the workload aggregates?
How does the roll mechanism use extended memory to pass context between work processes?
Where, and in what format, are raw statistical records stored?
What happens to the SAP HANA SQL plan cache when it fills up?
What is the “weekend problem” with raw statistical records?
On the STATS selection screen, what does the time you specify actually represent?
In the response-time breakdown, how is the processing time (TP) derived?
When does the load/generation time (TL) become significant in the response time?
What does the parameter `stat/max_files` effectively control, and what is its maximum?
How does SAP buffer synchronization inform other instances that a buffered table changed?
What is transaction ST03 used for?
What are the three table buffering methods?
Which response time metric most precisely measures time spent waiting on remote function calls?
What does the ST03 response time distribution profile answer?
From ST10 table call statistics, how do you compute a table's read/write ratio?
What four conditions should a table meet to qualify for buffering?
In a stat record’s DB tab, what “ms per row” rule of thumb flags a possible database access problem?
Why can’t ST03 workload aggregates be read with SQL, and what do you use instead?
After an instance restart, how long before ST02 buffer statistics become meaningful?
Why can't CPU time be added to the other response time components as a separate term?
Which transaction analyzes a table's size and key-value distribution to finalize a buffering decision?
How is GUI time (TGUI) calculated for a dialog step?
Why are customizing tables good candidates for table buffering?
What is the Extended Passport (EPP) in a statistical record used for?
How do you change the ST03 time profile from its default night-bundling to true hourly intervals?
What does the ABAP program buffer (PXA) hold?
Why doesn’t all GUI roundtrip time show up as roll wait time?
What does the ST03 “Last-Minute Load” function do?
Which standard makes weekly workload aggregates run Monday–Sunday, even where the week locally starts on Sunday?
Which transaction is the recommended successor to STAD for viewing individual statistical records?
What is the dispatcher wait time component of response time?
What can program `RSMEMORY` change dynamically, and what stays fixed?
Which background job builds the workload aggregates from raw stat records?
How does table data size guide the choice of buffering type?
Why is the roll wait time always zero for a background dialog step?
What does the EarlyWatch view of the ST03 transaction profile do that the standard view doesn't?
In STATS, how do you preserve selected statistical records past the stat-file age limit?
What causes the ABAP runtime to generate a short dump, and where is it stored?
How is the local system log file named and located on an application server?
What do developer trace levels 0, 1, 2, and 3 each mean in an SAP system?
If you change a gateway parameter dynamically in SMGW, how do you make the change survive a system restart?
Which transaction monitors the status of the message server?
How many developer trace files does each SAP work process keep?
In transaction SM21 (the system log), what does each message colour indicate?
How can an administrator run an operating-system command from inside the SAP GUI when they have no direct OS access?
How do you view work processes across all instances of the system rather than just the local one?
What is the difference in scope between transaction ST01 and transaction STAUTHTRACE?
What is transaction SM02 used for?
What are the five work process types shown in SM50?
Which profile parameter limits how many requests the SAP dispatcher queue can hold?
Which command-line tool lets you display and manage work processes when you can no longer log on to an instance because all work processes are occupied?
In transaction SM51, what information does each row show about an application server instance?
Why should an update (UPD) work process never be cancelled manually?
What is the role of the SAP gateway process?
What is the difference between transactions SM04 and AL08 for monitoring logged-on users?
How do you take an application server out of service for maintenance without abruptly killing it?
Besides transaction SMMS, which OS-level programs can monitor the message server, and what does each do?
In ST22, what does the distribution of ABAP runtime-error dumps suggest about a problem?
What runtime information does a kernel snapshot capture?
How do you prevent the short-dump table SNAP from growing indefinitely?
What is AUTOABAP?
What do the SM50 "On Hold" reason codes CPIC, PRIV, and SLEEP indicate?
Which components do the developer trace files dev_disp, dev_ms, and dev_rd belong to?
Which transaction shows the work processes of the instance you are logged on to?
Which transaction displays operating-system and hardware metrics (CPU, memory, disk, swap) for an SAP instance, and what gathers its data?
Which transactions upload and download files between your PC and the SAP application server?
What is the role of the message server in an SAP system?
What is the difference between cancelling a work process "with core" versus "without core"?
In SM50, what is the difference between a work process with status **Waiting** and one with status **Running**?
What are the possible status values of an application server instance in SM51?
Why does SAP recommend against logon tickets for SSO despite their being straightforward to set up?
Which parameter blocks logon by user name and password entirely, forcing SSO/SNC?
What is the role of a Certificate Authority (CA) and PKI in trusted communication?
Where are blacklisted (illegal) passwords stored, and how are wildcards used?
How can you list all users holding critical authorizations for an audit?
Which SCC4 setting is recommended for production to protect client-specific and cross-client objects?
In Kerberos/SPNEGO SSO, what is each protocol's role and what is a key limitation?
Which ICM parameter enables Server Name Indication (SNI), and why does it matter?
What is cryptography's role in securing communication, and what three things must a trusted connection establish?
How is access to the ICM restricted, and how is the ACL activated?
What are the three recording targets for the security audit log, and where is the database-stored log kept?
Why is the message server a security-critical component, and which parameter restricts its monitoring tools?
Which transactions and PSE files are involved in maintaining SSL/TLS certificates in an SAP system?
What is the difference in scope between SAP Single Sign-On and SAP Cloud Identity Services?
What do the three Client Copier protection levels (0/1/2) mean in SCC4?
When does SAP release security fixes, and where can administrators find them?
What is the SAP Web Dispatcher and what are its main functions?
Why is the gateway process a security risk, and which parameter enables RFC authorization checks?
Which library provides SAP's cryptographic functions, and how do you check its installed version?
What are the standard SAP users delivered with a system, and the key risk they pose?
What is a security policy (SECPOL) and how does it relate to profile parameters?
What does the ICM parameter icm/HTTPS/verify_client control across its values 0, 1, and 2?
Why are all ICF services inactive after installation, and what's the security recommendation?
How are critical transactions locked, and what's the difference between SM01_DEV and SM01_CUS?
Which parameter activates the security audit log, and which transactions replaced the old SM18/SM19/SM20?
Which parameter separates internal and external message server communication, and why does that help security?
What is the purpose of the gateway secinfo and reginfo files?
How does a multiclient architecture protect data, and which data is shared across clients?
How does the SAP virus scan interface work, and where are approved providers listed?
What are the core building blocks shared by any SSO solution?
What are the three encryption methods, and how does SSL/TLS combine them?
What is the Security Audit Log and what kinds of events does it record?
Which transaction wizard sets up Secure Network Communication (SNC), and what does it configure?
How is table logging enabled, and what does the rec/client parameter control?
What is the recommended way to handle the SAP* user, and which parameter disables its fallback?
What is the biggest risk in the SAP Web Dispatcher, and how should it be protected?
What is Read Access Logging (RAL), and which transaction configures it?
Why are two users with the same name in different clients treated as completely separate users?
What rules must a new SAP password satisfy by default?
What is the "ghost logon" risk tied to the standard user SAP*, and why disable rather than delete it?
What does it mean that an ABAP program is a 'container object' with subobjects?
Why should you copy standard SAP roles into the customer namespace instead of editing them directly?
What is a package in the SAP repository?
Which transactions set up the CUA distribution model and define logical systems?
When maintaining authorization fields in a role, what do the amber and green status icons mean?
How can you find every user able to perform a specific activity (e.g. use the ABAP debugger)?
Once CUA is active, how does transaction SU01 visibly change in master vs child clients?
After maintaining a role's authorizations in PFCG, what final step makes them effective?
How are roles distributed across a landscape, and are they recorded automatically in transports?
What is the TMSADM user, and what changed about its password?
What distinguishes a workbench change from a customizing change?
In CUA, which user-management actions are central-only versus shared with child clients?
Which profile parameter sets the maximum failed logon attempts before a user is locked, and what controls auto-unlock?
Why can't you immediately delete an authorization object from a role, and what must you do first?
What ABAP statement performs an authorization check, and what does SY-SUBRC = 0 indicate?
What is the User Information System and how do you reach it?
Why is the SAP_NEW profile obsolete in S/4HANA, and what replaces it?
What is the difference between a single role and a composite role?
In an authorization object, what do the fields and the field values represent?
What are the five SAP user types and the key distinction among them?
How do you prevent the same user from logging on multiple times, and what's a key limitation?
What is Change Request Management (ChaRM), and what does it change about how transports are handled?
Which kinds of system modifications are NOT handled by CTS?
Which transaction manages individual users, and which one performs mass user changes?
What are the two ways to make a different system the TMS domain controller?
What are the ways to import from the queue, and how can you prevent accidental mass imports?
What is the division of labor between the tp and R3trans programs?
When importing several requests at once, why does the system process them by phase rather than one request at a time?
In a recommended SAP landscape, what are the three systems and each one's role?
Why is the authorization object S_TCODE considered a special "first line of defense"?
Which import activities are NOT done by R3trans, and how are they handled?
What happens when a developer releases their task?
What are the two types of change request, and what actually distinguishes them?
How is a change request named in a customer system?
CTS has its own names for landscape systems — what do integration, consolidation, and delivery correspond to?
Which transaction shows CUA synchronization logs, and what does an "Unconfirmed" status mean?
What two capabilities does Extended Transport Control (CTC) add to transport routing?
Which parameter automatically logs out idle GUI sessions, and how are its values expressed?
What are three ways to discover which authorization objects and values a task requires?
What is a transport target group in Extended Transport Control?
How can an administrator see a full audit trail of changes to a user master record?
What is a user group used for in user administration?
After assigning roles to users via the PFCG Users tab, what must you run and why?
What is the 'source system' of a development object, and what is it for SAP-delivered objects?
In the SAP authorization concept, how do authorization object, field, authorization, role, and user relate?
What do the CUA distribution settings Global, Local, Proposal, and Redistribute mean (transaction SCUM)?
What is the SAP_ALL profile and how should it be handled?
What problem does Central User Administration (CUA) solve, and what's its basic architecture?
What is a system's import buffer (import queue)?
What does a package's transport layer control?
How is a repository object's name structured inside a transport request?
What are the three types of task in CTS?
What does locking a user actually prevent, and what are the two reasons to unlock?
Where do you approve or reject transports under TMS QA, and what happens once all levels approve?
What does the ACTVT field mean, and which activity values are universal?
How do transactions SE01, SE09, and SE10 relate to each other today?
At a high level, what is the chain of programs and events when STMS imports a request?
When is a change to an object transportable versus local?
What precondition about the file system must hold across systems in a transport domain?
Which parameters control password minimum length and required character types?
What are the principal phases of a transport import, and which objects trigger the dictionary phases?
What modifiability setting is recommended for development versus test and production systems?
What is the TMS domain controller, and where does SAP recommend placing it?
What are authorization profiles in relation to roles, and how are generated profiles named?
Which transaction is recommended for authorization tracing, and which older one should you avoid?
Which software components can never be made fully modifiable, and what is their limit?
What is a CTS project used for?
What are the three standard TMS QA approval levels?
When running the `tp` transport tool from the command line, what must always be supplied?
What is a 'repair', and why is any change to an SAP standard object always a repair?
What is a virtual system in TMS, and why create one?
How does CTS initialization differ when a system was created as a database copy rather than a fresh install?
How does a 'simple' repository object differ from a container object in a transport request?
When and where must the transport system (CTS) be initialized?
What transport object types does SE01 (Transport Organizer, Extended View) expose that SE09 and SE10 do not?
In the Change and Transport System, what qualifies as a "change"?
What do transport return codes 0, 4, 8, and 12 mean?
What are the four global modifiability settings for software components?
What does login/password_compliance_to_current_policy do when set to 1?
The 'first letter' rule for name ranges has exceptions — what is a notable one?
What are the two general rules about where a development object may be changed?
What happens when the owner releases a transportable change request?
What do system change options control, and how do they differ from client change options?
With TMS Quality Assurance enabled, how is a request stopped from reaching production before approval?
Why use RDDNEWPP2 rather than the older RDDNEWPP to schedule the import job?
What is a 'transport of copies', and how does it differ from a normal change request?
Why must the RDDIMPDP background job be scheduled, and in which client?
Inside a change request, what is a 'task' and why does each developer get one?
When a request is exported, how are the data file, co-file, and transport log named?
On the SE09/SE10 initial screen, what are the default selection criteria?
What is the difference between a consolidation route and a delivery route?
What is the key difference between an import return code of 8 and one of 12 or higher?
What are the three name ranges for development objects, and how is each recognized?
What is a transport domain in TMS?
What two conditions decide whether a change request is transportable or local?
What command-line tools start and stop the SAP HANA system, and when should each be used?
What is the difference between a Support Package Stack (SPS) and a Feature Package Stack (FPS) in SAP S/4HANA?
What port numbering scheme does SAP HANA use, and which port ranges are for SYSTEMDB vs tenant databases?
What role does hdbdaemon play in the SAP HANA process hierarchy?
How are SAP HANA data and log volumes organized on disk, and why must their files never be touched manually?
What is the difference between SAP HANA standard trace files and alert trace files?
How do you start or stop an individual SAP HANA tenant database, and which database must you connect to?
Where are SAP HANA trace files located and what is their naming convention?
What are the two top-level directory areas for SAP HANA on Linux, and where do the actual files reside?
What is the difference between a soft shutdown and a hard shutdown in SAP HANA?
What are the two deployment options for SAP Fiori in an on-premise SAP S/4HANA system?
How does SAP HANA multitenancy work, and what is the difference between the system database and a tenant database?
What is the difference between Open SQL and Native SQL in ABAP?
What are the five SAP Fiori design principles, and what technologies underpin Fiori apps?
What are the three flavors of SAP GUI, and when would you use each?
What is SAP Logon, and how can connection lists be managed centrally?
Which transactions are used to monitor SAP work processes, and what scope does each cover?
How do SAP transaction codes work, and what do the /N, /O, and /NEX command prefixes do?
What does SAP Basis refer to, and what technical domains does it cover?
What is the key difference between SAP S/4HANA Cloud, private edition (RISE) and public edition?
What role does SAP BTP play when an organization runs some workloads on RISE with SAP and others outside of it?
In the SAP "intelligent enterprise" concept, what is the difference between O data and X data?
What type of database is SAP HANA, and what properties give it high performance?
In RISE with SAP, what does SAP manage and what remains the customer's responsibility?
In an SAP deployment on IaaS (e.g., AWS, Azure, GCP), what does the cloud provider manage versus what the customer manages?
How does RISE with SAP change the day-to-day role of an SAP basis administrator?
What is RISE with SAP, and what does its subscription include?
By when must organizations migrate from SAP ERP to SAP S/4HANA to remain supported?
What are the core technical responsibilities of an SAP basis administrator?
What are the two failure modes when hardware sizing is wrong for an SAP HANA on-premise system?
On what basis do you rank the issues in a case?
What are the six steps of the generic case-analysis framework?
What three major skills do employers look for in an accountant?
Where in the annual report do you find management's plans for the future?
When interpreting how an accounting change affects a ratio, what must you always consider?
What benchmarks can ratios be compared against?
What are the four key ratios, their formulas, and what each measures?
Into what three categories are financial ratios grouped, and what does each assess?
What's the difference between vertical and horizontal common-size analysis?
What are the main steps of financial statement analysis?
Why might management be motivated to manage or distort earnings?
What are the four ways management can distort results, from least to most severe?
When is the quality of financial reporting considered high vs low?
What is the main objective of financial reporting?
Overall, how does ASPE compare to IFRS in complexity?
How does a lessee account for leases under IFRS vs ASPE?
Does the concept of conservatism appear in the qualitative characteristics under IFRS vs ASPE?
Where are actuarial gains/losses on post-employment benefits recognized under each framework?
How do IFRS and ASPE treat development costs?
Can an impairment loss be reversed under IFRS vs ASPE?
How does the impairment test differ between IFRS and ASPE?
How do IFRS and ASPE differ on subsequent measurement of property, plant & equipment?
What must an entity disclose about the standards it uses?
Which part of the CPA Canada Handbook covers pension plans?
Which standards apply to governments, government business enterprises, and other government organizations?
How are not-for-profit organizations (NFPOs) split, and what standards can each use?
Which constraint justified letting small/private companies use simpler standards?
Why might a private enterprise choose IFRS over ASPE?
Which standards may a private enterprise use, and can it mix them?
What is a private enterprise?
Since when have Canadian PAEs reported under IFRS, and what are the exceptions?
Why did Canada "harmonize" the Handbook with IFRS instead of just adopting IFRS?
Name typical entities that qualify as PAEs because they hold assets in a fiduciary capacity.
What is a publicly accountable enterprise (PAE)?
What are the four parts of the CPA Canada Handbook and who uses each?
What eight topics (chapters) make up the Conceptual Framework?
In preparing financial statements, what three areas require professional judgment?
What is professional judgment in accounting?
How are expenses defined?
How is income defined in the Conceptual Framework?
How is equity defined?
How does the Conceptual Framework define an asset?
Which financial statement does the Conceptual Framework primarily emphasize, and why?
Is the Conceptual Framework itself a Standard?
What is the purpose of the Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting?
How is a liability defined?
When would an entity prepare special-purpose (non-GAAP) financial reports?
When GAAP is followed, what qualities should the resulting information have?
What five statements make up a general-purpose set of financial statements under IAS 1?
Who are the "external users" that general-purpose financial statements are meant to serve?
How integrated are SAP systems, and how does a migration project usually start with integration?
What are low-code/no-code solutions, and what does SAP call this?
When should innovation enter the cloud business case?
When would you use pay-as-you-go versus a Compute Savings Plan?
Besides pay-as-you-go, what discounted pricing options does AWS offer for committed use?
Why shouldn't you size cloud targets by comparing CPU/RAM, and what should you use instead?
Where in the application lifecycle should security live?
What is the core idea of a zero-trust security model?
What are most cloud security breaches related to?
When comparing on-premise to cloud cost, what should you compare?
What is a cost-aware architecture?
For compliance certifications (e.g., HIPAA, FedRAMP), who is responsible for what?
Give an application-design example of improving reliability in the ABAP stack.
What is static stability?
What are the three scope categories of AWS services, with an example of each?
On a cloud platform, what is the difference between the control plane and the data plane?
What are the three building blocks of reliability, and who owns each?
What does MTTR measure, and which reliability event does it map to?
What do RTO and RPO mean?