What is an Administrative change (SMAD), and what makes it different from transport-based changes?

It attaches to a change cycle but doesn't integrate TMS — providing change governance for non-transportable SAP changes: account maintenance, number ranges, parameter changes, manual changes on an open system, kernel changes.

Because it's not transport-based and doesn't flow DEV→QAS→PRD, it can target any single system (incl. non-production like QAS only). Roles are limited to IT operator + change manager (no test path).